Conspiracy, Conspiracy Theory and 9/11

Note:

The literature outlined in the following bibliography has been selected for its focus on the general topic of conspiracy and conspiracy theory and covers the full spectrum of political, academic, activist and populist opinion. Literature concerning specific conspiracies and/or conspiracy allegations with a few minor exceptions focuses exclusively on 9/11 and the Sept. 11 phenomenon. A chronological approach has been chosen to facilitate an historiographical reconstruction of the unfolding debate within literature. Literature predating the 1950s McCarthy era in the United States has not been included. This bibliography represents a comprehensive and not an exhaustive survey.

A Recent Online Encyclopedia Outline on Conspiracy Theory: http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/conspiracy%20theory .

1955

Russell, James F.S. "The Railroads in the 'Conspiracy Theory' of the Fourteenth Amendment." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 41, no. 4 (1955): 601-622.

1956

Shils, Edward. The Torment of Secrecy: The Background and Consequences of American Security Policies. Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1956.

1958

Hoover, Edgar J. Masters of Deceit: The Story of Communism in America and How to Fight It. New York: Henry Holt, 1958.

1963

Popper, Karl. Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1963.

1964

Brogan, Denis W. "Death in Dallas: Myths After Kennedy." Encounter 23, no. 135 (1964): 20-26.

Hofstadter, Richard. "The Paranoid Style in American Politics." Harper's Magazine, November 1964: 77-86. http://karws.gso.uri.edu/JFK/conspiracy_theory/the_paranoid_mentality/The_paranoid_style.html .

Lewis, Anthony. "On the Release of the Warren Commission Report." Report of the Warren Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy. New York: Bantam, 1964: xxxi-xxxvii.

President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy. Report of Warren Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy. New York: Bantam, 1964.

1965

Donnelly, William J. "Conspiracy or Popular Movement: The Historiography of Southern Support for Secession." North Carolina Historical Review 42, no. 1 (1965): 70-84.

Hodstadter, Richard. The Paranoid Style in American Politics and Other Essays. New York: Knopf, 1965.

1966

Popper, Karl. The Open Society and Its Enemies, 5th rev. ed. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1966.

1968

Holbo, Paul S. "The Convergence of Moods and the Cuban Bond 'Conspiracy' of 1898." Journal of American History 55, no. 1 (1968): 54-72.

1970

Lipset, S.M., and E. Raab. The Politics of Unreason. New York: Harper, 1970.

1971

Davis, David Brion (ed.). The Fear of Conspiracy: Images of Un-American Subversion From the Revolution to the Present. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1971.

1972

Curry, Richard O. Conspiracy: The Fear of Subversion in American History. New York: Holt, 1972.

1973

Pynchon, Thomas. Gravity's Rainbow. New York: Viking, 1973.

1975

Cohen, Jacob. "Conspiracy Fever." Commentary 60, no. 4 (1975): 33-42.

Shea, Robert, and Robert Anton Wilson. The Illuminatus! Trilogy, 3 Vols. New York: dell, 1975.

Young, Marilyn Janet. The Conspiracy Theory of History as Radical Argument: Students for a Democratic Society and the John Birch Society. DAI [Disseration] 35, no. 9 (1975): 6276-A. University of Pittsburg 1974. 369 pp.

1977

Pratte, Richard. "Conspiracy, Schools and Schooling." Educational Theory 27 (Summer 1977): 186-195.

1978

Thurlow, Richard C. "The Powers of Darkness: Conspiracy Belief and Political Strategy." Patterns of Prejudice 12, no. 6 (1978): 1-12, 23.

1979

Marina, William. "Shooting Down the Conspiracy Theory." Reason 11, no. 1 (1979): 18-24.

1980

Ribuffo, Leo P. "Henry Ford and the International Jew." American Jewish History 69, no. 4 (1980): 437-477.

1981

Palmer, James W., and Michael M. Riley. "America's Conspiracy Syndrome: From Capra to Pakula." Studies in the Humanities 8, no. 2 (1981): 21-27.

1983

Fulcher, James. "American Conspiracy: Formula in Popular Fiction." Midwest Quarterly 24, no. 2 (1983): 152-164.

Johnson, George. Architects of Fear: Conspiracy Theories and Paranoia in American Politics. Los Angeles: Tarcher, 1983.

Oshinsky, David M. A Conspiracy So Immense: The World of Joe McCarthy. New York: Free Press, 1983.

Rossbach, Jeffery. Review of Ambivalent Conspirators: John Brown, the Secret Six and a Theory of Slave Violence. New York History 64 (October 1983): 442-443. [See also American Historical Review 89 (April 1984): 520-521].

Summers, Anthony. Conspiracy. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983. [Kennedy]

1984

Hanchett, William. Review of The Lincoln Murder Conspiracies. The Journal of American History 71 (Sept 1984): 397-398.

Marcaccio, Michael D. "Did a Business Conspiracy End Muckraking? A Reexamination." Historian 47, no 1 (1984): 58-71.

1985

Epperson, Ralph. The Unseen Hand: An Introduction to the Conspiratorial View of History. Tucson, Ariz.: Publius Press, 1985.

Hurt, Henry. Reasonable Doubt. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1985.

Norton, Paul. "Machiavelli and the Modes of Terrorism." Modern Age 29 (Fall 1985): 304-313.

1986

Coox, Alvin D. "Repulsing the Pearl Harbor Revisionists: The State of Present Literature on the Debacle." Military Affairs 50, no. 1 (1986): 29-31.

Keen, Ernest. "Paranoia and Cataclysmic Narratives." Narrative Psychology: The Storied Nature of Human Conduct, edited by Theodore Sarbin. New York: Praeger, 1986: 174-190.

Rather, L.J. "Disraeli, Freud, and Jewish Conspiracy Theories." Journal of the History of Ideas 47 (Jan/Mar 1986): 111-131.

1987

Graumann, Carl F., and Serge Moscovici (eds.). Changing Conceptions of Conspiracy. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

Graumann, Carl F. "Conspiracy: History and Social Psychology - A Synopsis." Changing Conceptions of Conspiracy, edited by Carl F. Graumann and Serge Moscovici. New York: Springer-Verlag: 245-251.

Groh, D. "The Temptation of Conspiracy Theory, Or: Why Do Bad Things Happen To Good People?" Changing Conceptions of Conspiracy, edited by Carl F. Graumann and Serge Moscovici. New York: Springer-Verlag: 1-38.

Herman, Gary. "The Plot Thickens." New Statesman 113 (May 8 1987): 28-29.

Malik, Michael. "The Conspiracy Theory." Far Eastern Economic Review 138 (Oct 22 1987): 22-25.

Moscovici, Serge. "The Conspiracy Mentality." Changing Conceptions of Conspiracy, edited by C.F. Graumann and Serge Moscovici. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1987: 151-169.

Wulff, Erich. "Paranoiac Conspiratory Delusion." Changing Conceptions of Conspiracy, edited by C.F. Graumann and Serge Moscovici. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1987: 172-189.

1988

Novick, Peter. That Noble Dream: The 'Objectivity Question' and the American Historical Profession. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

1989

Bersani, Leo. "Pynchon, Paranoia, and Literature." Representations 25 (Winter 1989): 99-118.

Eco, Umberto. Foucault's Pendulum. Translated by William Weaver. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1989.

Howard, Michael. The Occult Conspiracy: Secret Societies - Their Influence and Power in World History. Rochester, Vt.: Destiny Books, 1989.

Kroker, Arthur. Panic Encyclopedia: The Definitive Guide to the Postmodern Scene. New York: St. Martin's, 1989.

King, Dennis. Lyndon LaRouche and the New American Fascism. New York: Doubleday, 1989.

Levine, Robert S. Conspiracy and Romance. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

1990

Bishop, John. Natural Agency: An Essay on the Causal Theory of Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Cooper, M. "The Return of the Paranoid Style in American Politics." U.S. News and World Report, 12 March 1990: 30-31.

Eco, Umberto. The Limits of Interpretation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990.

Gimbel, John. "German Scientists, United States Denazification Policy, and the 'Paperclip Conspiracy'." International History Review 12, no. 3 (1990): 441-465.

Kelley, David. The Art of Reasoning, exp. ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 1990.

Lobster: The Journal of Parapolitics 19. "Conspiracy, Conspiracy Theories and Conspiracy Research." 1990.

McClure, John A. "Postmodern Romance: Don DeLillo and the Age of Conspiracy." The South Atlantic Quarterly 89 (Spring 1990): 337-353.

1991

The Economist. "Conspiracy Theory." The Economist 320 (July 13 1991): 35-6.

Hanchett, William. "Lincoln's Murder: The Simple Conspiracy Theory." Civil War Times Illustrated 30, no. 5 (1991): 28-35, 70-71.

Krauthammer, C. "A Rash of Conspiracy Theories." The Washington Post, 5 July 1991, A19.

Robertson, Pat. The New World Order. Dallas: Word, 1991.

Sick, Gary. October Surprise: America's Hostages in Iran and the Election of Ronald Reagan. New York: Times Books, 1991.

Spinks, C.W. "Semiotic Shell Games: Foucault's Pendulum and Conspiracy Theory." Romance Languages Annual 3 (1991).

Vankin, Jonathan. Conspiracies, Cover-Ups, and Crimes: Political Manipulation and Mind Control in America. New York: Paragon House, 1991.

1992

Albert, Michael. "Conspiracy? ... Not!" Z Magazine, January 1992: 17-19.

Albert, Michael. "Conspiracy? ... Not Again." Z Magazine, January 1992: 86-88.

Ambrose, Steven E. "Writers on the Grassy Knoll: A Reader's Guide." The New York Times Book Review, 2 February 1992.

Boyer, Paul. When Time Shall Be No More: Prophecy Beliefs in Modern American Culture. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992.

Eco, Umberto. Interpretation and Overinterpretation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

The Economist. "Oliver Stone and the Appetite for Conspiracies." The Economist 321 (Dec 21 1991/Jan 3 1992): 32.

Hoggart, Simon. "And That*s Not All ... Conspiracy Theories." New Statesman and Society 5 (Aug 28 1992): 21.

Knoll, Erwin. "Anticonspiracism." The Progressive, August 1992: 4.

Pinsker, Sanford. "America's Conspiratorial Imagination." Virginia Quarterly Review 68, no. 4 (Autumn 1992): 605, 625.

Pipes, Daniel. "Dealing With Middle Eastern Conspiracy Theories." Orbis 36 (Winter 1992): 41-56.

Phelps, Christopher. "Forget Conspiracy Theories; Reality's Bad Enough." The Guardian (U.S.), 12 February 1992, 18.

Rees, Richard. "Conspiracy Theory: Popular Historiography and Late Capitalism." Paper presented to Popular Culture Association, Louisville, Kentucky, March 1992. Cited in Mark Fenster, Conspiracy Theories: Secrecy and Power in American Culture. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1998: 259.

Rogin, Michael. "JKF: The Movie." American Historical Review 97, no. 2 (1992): 500-505.

Vankin, Jonathan. Conspiracies, Cover-ups and Crimes: Political Manipulation and Mind Control in America. New York: Paragon House, 1992.

1993

Chomsky, Noam. "The Chomsky Tapes: Conversations With Michael Albert." ZNet, January 1993: http://www.zmag.org/ZMag/articles/chomalb.htm .

The Economist. "A Conspiracy Theory." The Economist 326 (March 20 1993): 65-6.

Hitchens, Christopher. "On the Imagination of Conspiracy." For the Sake of Argument. London: Verso, 1993.

Kurtz, Michael. Crime of the Century: The Kennedy Assassination from a Historian's Perspective, 2nd ed. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1993.

Posner, Gerald. Case Closed: Lee Harvey Oswald and the Assassination of JFK. New York: Random House, 1993.

Ricci, David M. The Transformation of American Politics: The New Washington and the Rise of Think Tanks. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1993.

Scott, Peter Dale. Deep Politics and the Death of JFK. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

Turner, Patrick. I Heard It Through the Grapevine: Rumor in African-American Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

Wilkinson, S. "The Case Against Anita Hill." The New York Times, 23 May 1993, Book Review Section, 11.

1994

Eiser, J.R. Attitudes, Chaos and the Connectionist Mind. London: Blackwell, 1994.

Goertzel, Ted. "Belief in Conspiracy Theories." Political Psychology 15, no. 4 (November 1994): 731-742.

O'Leary, Stephen D. Arguing the Apocalypse: A Theory of Millenial Rhetoric. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Sissons, D.C.S. "More on Pearl Harbor." Intelligence and National Security 9, no. 2 (1994) [Great Britain]: 373-379.

1995

Cramer, Clayton. "An American Coup D'Etat?" History Today 45 (Nov 1995): 42-47.

Kelly, Michael. "The Road to Paranoia." The New Yorker, 19 June 1995: 60-70.

Lobster: The Journal of Parapolitics 29. "'Conspiracy Theories' and Clandestine Politics." 1995. Archived at Washington, D.C. Indymedia: http://dc.indymedia.org/newswire/display/25512 .

Mackay, Charles. Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth, 1995.

McArthur, Benjamin. "'They're Out To Get Us': Another Look at Our Paranoid Tradition." History Teacher 29, no. 1 (1995): 37-50.

Monshipouri, Mahmood. "Constructing the Enemy In the Post-Cold War Era: The Flaws of the 'Islamic conspiracy' Theory." Journal of Church and State 37 (Autumn 1995): 773-92.

Pidgen, Charles. "Popper Revisited, or What Is Wrong With Conspiracy Theories?" Philosophy of the Social Sciences 25, no. 1 (March 1995): 3-34.

Roefs, Wim. "They're All In It Together." New Statesman and Society 8 (Sept 29 1995): 32-33.

Safire, William. "Conspiracy Theory." New York Times Magazine, 5 November 1994: 24.

Sasson, Theodore. "African American Conspiracy Theories and the Social Construction of Crime." Sociological Inquiry 65 (Fall 1995): 265-285.

Wynsberghe, Scott Van. "True Believers: Memoirs of a Former Conspiracy Theorist." The Globe and Mail, 21 January 1995, D2.

1996

Barkun, Michael. "Religion, Militias and Oklahoma City: The Mind of Conspiratorialists." Terrorism and Political Violence 8, no. 1 (1996): 50-64.

Hantke, Steffen. "'God save us from bourgeois adventure': The Figure of the Terrorist in Contemporary American Conspiracy Fiction." Studies in the Novel 28 (Summer 1996): 219-243.

Harrington, Evan. "Conspiracy Theories and Paranoia: Notes From a Mind Control Conference." Skeptical Inquirer 20, no. 5 (Sept-Oct 1996): 35-42.

Hoover, Bob. "Conspiracy Theories are Signs of the Times." Toledo Magazine, 24 March 1996: A1+.

Kingwell, Mark. Dreams of Millenium: Report From A Culture On the Brink. Viking, 1996.

Marin, Rick, and T. Trent Gegax. "Conspiracy Mania Feeds Our Growing National Paranoia." Newsweek, 30 December 1996: 64-71.

Morrow, Lance. "The Power of Paranoia." Time, 15 April 1996: 36-56.

Ramsay, Robin. "Of Conspiracies and Conspiracy Theories: The Truth Buried by the Fantasies." Lecture Text Delivered at "Unconvention '96" at the Institute of Education, London, England, 20 April 1996. Seredipity: http://www.serendipity.li/eden/laconspi.html

Stern, Kenneth S. A Force Upon the Plain: The American Militia Movement and the Politics of Hate. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

Yemma, John. "A Penchant for Plots: Conspiracy Theories Are All the Rage in U.S." The Boston Globe, 25 September 1996, A1.

1997

Andersen, Kurt. "The Age of Unreason." The New Yorker, 3 February 1997: 40-43.

Brown, Michael F. The Channeling Zone: American Spirituality in an Anxious Age. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997.

Camp, Gregory S. Selling Fear: Conspiracy Theories and End-Times Paranoia. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1997.

Donner, Richard, dir. Conspiracy Theory. Warner Brothers, 1997.

Harrison, Albert A., et al. "The Kennedy Assassination, Unidentified Flying Objects, and Other Conspiracies: Psychological and Organizational Factors in the Perception of 'Cover-up'." Systems Research and Behavioral Science 14 (Mar/Apr 1997): 113-128.

Leier, Mark. "Plots, Shots, and Liberal Thoughts: Conspiracy Theory and the Death of Ginger Goodwin." Labour/Travail, no. 39 (1997): 215-224.

Pipes, Daniel. Conspiracy: How the Paranoid Style Flourishes and Where It Comes From. New York: Free Press, 1997.

Robins, Robert S., and Jerrold M. Post. Political Paranoia: The Psychopolitics of Hatred. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997.

Singh, Robert. The Farrakhan Phenomenon: Race, Reaction, and the Paranoid Style in American Politics. Washington: Georgetown University Press, 1997.

Sturken, Marita. "Reenactment, Fantasy, and the Paranoia of History: Oliver Stone*s Docudramas." History and Theory 36, no. 4 (Dec. 1997): 64-79.

Vankin, John, and John Whalen. The Sixty Greatest Conspiracy Theories of All Time. Secaucus, NJ: Citadel Press, 1997.

Waters, Anita M. "Conspiracy Theories as Ethnosociologies: Explanation and Intention in African American Political Culture." Journal of Black Studies 28 (Sept 1997): 112-125.

Wrathall, John. "Conspiracy Theory." Sight and Sound 7 (Sept. 1997): 39-40.

1998

Dean, Jodi. Aliens in America: Conspiracy Cultures from Outerspace to Cyberspace. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998.

The Economist. "Vile Conspiracies: Israeli Security Chief Warns of Plots Against Prime Minister." The Economist 348, no. 8084 (Sept 5 1998): 44.

Fenster, Mark. Conspiracy Theories: Secrecy and Power in American Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999.

Jarvie, Ian C. "Situational Logic and Its Reception." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 28, no. 3 (Sept. 1998): 365-380.

Tucket, Kate (ed.). The A-Z of Conspiracy Theories. Summersdale, 1998.

William, Skip. "Traversing the Fantasies of the JFK Assassination: Conspiracy and Contingency in Don DeLillo's Libra." Contemporary Literature 39, no. 3 (Fall 1998): 405-433.

Wilson, Robert Anton. Everything Is Under Control: Conspiracies, Cults and Cover-Ups. Harper Perennial, 1998.

1999

Crittenden, Butler. "On Being A Conspiracy Theorist." ca. 1999: http://home.pacbell.net/butlerc/Conspiracy/conspiracy.html .

Crocker, Jennifer et al. "Belief in U.S. Government Conspiracies Against Blacks Among Black and White College Students: Powerlessness or System Blame?" Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 25, no. 8 (Aug 1999): 941-953.

Gurock, Jeffrey S. "An Orthodox Conspiracy Theory: The Travis Family, Bernard Revel, and the Jewish Theological Seminary." Modern Judaism 19, no. 3 (Oct 1999): 241-53.

Hendrie, Edward M. "Drug Conspiracies." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 68, no. 6 (June 1999): 26-32.

Keeley, Brian L. "Of Conspiracy Theories." Journal of Philosophy 96, no. 3 (March 1999): 109-126.

Kravitz, Bennett. "The Truth Is Out There: Conspiracy As A Mindset In American High and Popular Culture." Journal of American Culture 22, no. 4 (Winter 1999): 23-29.

Lea, Sydney. "Conspiracy Theory." The Kenyon Review 21, no. 3/4 (Summer/Fall 1999): 150-151.

Marcus, George E (ed.). Paranoia Within Reason: A Casebook on Conspiracy as Explanation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

McLynn, Frank. "History Isn't Always A Cock-Up." New Statesman 128, no. 4454 (Sept 20 1999): 25-27.

Quinby, Lee. Millenial Seduction: A Skeptic Confronts Apocalyptic Culture. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999.

Quinby, Lee. "Millennial Civilization and Its Discontents." Psychohistory Review (Winter 1999): 1-16.

Shafer, Gregory. "Conspiracy Theory?" The Humanist 59, no 6. (Oct 1999): 241-53.

Wildermuth, Mark. "The Edge of Chaos: Structural Conspiracy and Epistemology in the X-Files." Journal of Popular Film and Television 26, no. 4 (1999): 146-157.

2000

Dean, Jodi. "Webs of Conspiracy." The World Wide Web and Contemporary Cultural Theory, edited by Thomas Swiss and Andrew Herman. New York: Routledge, 2000.

Melley, Timothy. Empire of Conspiracy: The Culture of Paranoia in Postwar America. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2000.

O'Donnell, Patrick. Latent Destinies: Cultural Paranoia in Contemporary U.S. Narrative. Durham: Duke University Press, 2000.

Offley, Will. "David Icke and the Politics of Madness: Where the New Age Meets the Third Reich." Canadian Dimension, May 2000: 23-27.

Rahn, Ross. "A Brief Introduction to Conspiracy Theory." Dr. Kenneth Rahn, Sr. [Website], ca. September 2000:

http://karws.gso.uri.edu/JFK/Conspiracy_theory/Intro_to_CT.html .

Ramsay, Robin. Conspiracy Theories. Pocket Essentials, December 2001.

2001

Basham, Lee. "Living With the Conspiracy." Philosophical Forum 32, no. 3 (Fall 2001): 265-280.

Bewley-Taylor, David R. "Cracks in the Conspiracy: The CIA and the Cocaine Trade in South Central Los Angeles." International Journal of Drug Policy 12, no. 2 (July 2001): 167-180.

Emerson, John. "On Conspiracy Theories." DemocraticUnderground.com, 3 October 2001: http://www.democraticunderground.com/articles/01/10/03_conspiracy.html .

Gee, Marcus. "Rumours, Conspiracies and Hatred." The Globe and Mail, 6 October 2001, A19.

Higdon, James. "A Primer On Understanding Conspiracies." Online Journal, 14 November 2001: http://www.onlinejournal.com/Special_Reports/Higdon111401/higdon111401.html .

2002

Ahmed, Nafeez Mosaddeq. "9/11, U.S. Intelligence, and the Defactualization of Analysis: How Ideologues on the Left and Right Theorise Vacuously to Support Baseless Supposition; A Reply to ZNet's 'Conspiracy Theory?' Section." Media Monitors Network, 13 June 2002: http://www.mediamonitors.net/mosaddeq37.html .

Berlet, Chip. "9/11: Conspiracism Post-9/11." PublicEye.org, ca. August 2002: http://www.publiceye.org/conspire/conspiracism-911.html .

"Blunsdon, Chris et al. The Conspiracies of the Early Principate: Defining an Empire. MA Thesis: McMaster University, 2002.

Bratich, Jack. "Injections and Truth Serums: AIDS Conspiracy Theories and the Politics of Articulation." Conspiracy Nation: The Politics of Paranoia in Postwar America, edited by Peter Knight. New York City, New York: New York University Press, 2002.

Clarke, Steve. "Conspiracy Theories and Conspiracy Theorizing." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 32, no. 2 (June 2002): 131-150.

Christensen, Jerome. "The Time Warner Conspiracy: JFK, Batman, and the Manager Theory of Hollywood Film." Critical Inquiry 28, no. 3 (Spring 2002): 591-617.

Corn, David. "When 9/11 Conspiracies Go Bad." Alternet, 1 March 2002: http://www.alternet.org/story/12536 .

Corn, David. "The September 11 X-Files." The Nation, 30 May 2002: http://www.thenation.com/capitalgames/index.mhtml?bid=3&pid=66 .

The Economist. "That's What They Want You to Believe." The Economist 365 (Dec 21 2002): 45-46.

Edward, White. "The Value of Conspiracy Theory." American Literary History 14, no. 1 (2002): 1-31.

Gowans, Stephen. "When's A Conspiracy Theory Not A Conspiracy Theory? When It's Your Own." What's Left, ca. 2002: http://www3.sympatico.ca/sr.gowans/selective.html .

Hamilton, Geoff. "Oswald's Wake: Representations of JFK*s Alleged Assassin in Recent American Literature." University of Toronto Quarterly 71, no. 2 (Spring 2002): 651-664.

Hari, Johann. "Who Really Downed the Twin Towers?" New Statesman 131 (Apr 22 2002): 12-13.

Knight, Peter (ed.) Conspiracy Nation: The Politics of Paranoia in Postwar America. New York City, New York: New York University Press, 2002.

Malcontentx. "More Thoughts on Research: The State of Our Investigation." Sept. 11: Unanswered Questions, 20 June 2002: http://www.communitycurrency.org/morethoughts.html .

Melley, Timothy. "Agency Panic and the Culture of Conspiracy." Conspiracy Nation: The Politics of Paranoia in Postwar America, edited by Peter Knight. New York City, New York: New York University Press, 2002.

Moore, Rebecca. "Reconstructing Reality: Conspiracy Theories About Jonestown." Journal of Popular Culture 36, no. 2 (Fall 2002): 200-220.

Muwakkil, Salim. "Nightmares of Reason: Sorting Fact From Fiction In 9/11 Conspiracy Theories." In These Times, 24 May 2002: http://www.inthesetimes.com/issue/26/15/feature1.shtml .

Philips, Peter. "Conspiracies, Plots and Anti-Democratic Notions." Centre for Research on Globalization, 10 November 2002: http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/PHI211A.html .

Ruppert, Michael. "9/11 Investigation: Indymedia Interviews Mike Ruppert." Indymedia, Portland, Oregon, 19 April 2002. Reprinted at Centre for Research on Globalization, 28 May 2002: http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/RUP205D.html .

Salter, Brian. "And Now ... Will the Real Skeptic Please Stand Up?" QuestionsQuestions.net, 31 March 2002: http://www.questionsquestions.net/real_skeptic.html .

Shalom, R. and Michael Albert. "Conspiracies or Institutions: 9/11 and Beyond." ZNet, 31 May, 2002: http://www.zmag.org/content/Instructionals/shalalbcon.cfm .

Shivani, Anis. "Progressive Irrelevance?" Counterpunch, 29 August 2002. Reprtined at Centre for Research on Globalization, 17 December 2002: http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/SHI212A.html .

Silverstein, Paul A. "An Excess of Truth: Violence, Conspiracy Theorizing and the Algerian Civil War." Anthropological Quarterly 75, no. 4 (Fall 2002): 643-674.

Street, Paul. "Misunderstanding Power: Refuting and Explaining the Popularity of." ZNet, 6 June 2002: http://www.zmag.org/content/TerrorWar/streetct.cfm .

Sutherland, John. "The Value of Paranoia: President Bush May Have Ridden the September 11 Conspiracy Theories - But He's Not Out of the Woods Yet." The Guardian (U.K.), 20 May 2002: http://www.guardian.co.uk/bush/story/0,7369,718622,00.html .

William, Skip. "Spinning Paranoia: The Ideologies of Conspiracy and Contingency in Postmodern Culture." Conspiracy Nation: The Politics of Paranoia in Postwar America, edited by Peter Knight. New York City, New York: New York University Press, 2002.

2003

Barkun, Michael. A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America. University of California Press, November 2003.

Basham, Lee. "Malevolent Global Conspiracy." Journal of Social Philosophy 34, no. 1 (Spring 2003): 91-103.

Bey, Hakim. The Ontological Status of Conspiracy Theory." Hermetic.com, ca. 2003: http://www.hermetic.com/bey/conspire.html .

Bogart, Laura M., and Sheryl-Thorburn Bird. "Exploring the Relationship of Conspiracy Beliefs About HIV/AIDS to Sexual Behaviors and Attitudes Among African-American Adults." Journal of the National Medical Association 95, no. 11 (Nov 2003): 1057-1065.

Isermann, Ralf. "9/11 Conspiracy Theories Gaining Ground." iafrica.com, 8 September 2003: http://iafrica.com/news/worldnews/268874.htm .

Keeley, Brian L. "Nobody Expects the Spanish Inquisition: More Thoughts on Conspiracy Theory." Journal of Social Philosophy 34, no. 1 (Spring 2003): 104-110.

Landsberg, Michelle. "9/11 Questions Aren't Going Away: Conspiracy Crusader Doubts Official 9/11 Version." The Toronto Star, 19 May 2003. Archived at Centre for Research on Globalization: http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/LAN305A.html

Marcus, George E., and Michael G. Powell. "From Conspiracy in the Incipient New World Order of the 1990s to Regimes of Transparency Now." Anthropological Quarterly 76, no. 2 (Spring 2003): 323-334.

McCurdy, John A. "Making A Case For 9/11 Skepticism." Centre for Research on Globalization, 20 November 2003: http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/MCC311A.html .

McGowan, Dave. "Special 'Conspiracy Theory' Edition." Center for an Informed America, Newsletter 27 (12 Jan 2003): http://davesweb.cnchost.com/nwsltr27.html .

McGowan, Dave. "Special 'Conspiracy Theory' Edition, Part Two." Center for an Informed America, Newsletter 28 (23 Jan 2003): http://davesweb.cnchost.com/nwsltr28.html .

McGowan, Dave. "Special 'Conspiracy Theory' Edition, Part Three: GWB Midterm Report." Center for an Informed America, Newsletter 29 (2 Feb 2003): http://davesweb.cnchost.com/nwsltr29.html .

McKeown, Bob. "Conspiracy Theories: Uncovering the Facts Behind the Myths of September 11 2001." CBC the Fifth Estate, 29 October 2003: http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/conspiracytheories/ .

Phalen, Jon. "JFK, 9/11 and the REAL America: Tying It All Together." New York City Indymedia, Pratt, 22 November 2003. Reprinted at Centre for Research on Globalization, 27 November 2003: http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/PHA311A.html .

Pratt, Ray. "Essay Review: Theorizing Conspiracy - Before and After 9/11." Theory and Society 32, no. 2 (April 2003): 255-271.

Ruppert, Michael C. "The Kennedy's, Physical Evidence and 9/11." From the Wilderness Publications, 26 November 2003: http://www.fromthewilderness.com/free/ww3/112603_kennedy.html .

West, Harry G. et al. Transparency and Conspiracy: Ethnographies of Suspicion in the New World Order. Durham: Duke University Press, 2003.

2004

Azmi, Razi. "Thinking Aloud: Conspiracy Theory Industries Un-Lit." Daily Times [Pakistan], 24 August 2004: http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_29-7-2004_pg3_2 .

Berlet, Chip. Review of The New Pearl Harbor: Disturbing Questions About the Bush Administration and 9/11, by David Ray Griffin. PublicEye.org, ca. Spring 2004: http://www.publiceye.org/conspire/Post911/dubious_claims.html . Griffin's Response: http://www.publiceye.org/conspire/Post911/Griffin1.html .

"Bouknight, Jon. "'Conspiracy Theory' and Sound Argumentation: The Method of Cocaine Politics for Resolving 'Conflicting World Views'." Etc 61, no. 1 (Apr 2004): 57-59.

Chossudovsky, Michel. "'Revealing the Lies' on 9/11 Perpetuates the 'Big Lie'." Centre for Research on Globalization, 27 May 2004: http://globalresearch.ca/articles/CHO405E.html .

Disinfopedia. "Conspiracy Theory." 2 August 2004: http://www.disinfopedia.org/wiki.phtml?title=Conspiracy_theory .

Douglas, Bill. "The Explosion of the 9-11 Truth Movement: U.S. Media's Dirty Little Secret." NewtopiaMagazine, 14 June 2004: http://www.newtopiamagazine.net/content/issue17/oped/911.php .

Griffin, David Ray."Respose to Chip Berlet's Review of The New Pearl Harbor." PublicEye.org, 1 May 2004: http://www.publiceye.org/conspire/Post911/Griffin1.html .

Hecht, Jamey. "Conspiracy and the State of the Union." From the Wilderness Publications, 26 June 2004: http://www.fromthewilderness.com/free/ww3/061704_conspiracy_union.html .

Humphrey, Stephen. "Whodunnit? They Know: Inquiry Waged Into Swamp of Conspiracies and Everyone Follows." NOW Magazine, 10-16 June 2004: http://www.nowtoronto.com/issues/2004-06-10/news_story11.php .

Indiana, Gary. "No Such Thing As Paranoia: On the Culture of Conspiracism." The Villiage Voice, 25 May 2004: http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0421/indiana.php .

Kaminski, John. "9/11 Probe? The Joke's On Us." Rense.com, 27 July 2004: http://www.rense.com/general54/911pprobe.htm .

McGowan, Dave. "9/11 Reexamined: Act I." Newsletter #67, Center for an Informed America, 15 September 2004: http://www.davesweb.cnchost.com/nwsltr67.html .

McMahon, Darrin M. "Conspiracies So Vast." The Boston Globe, 2 January 2004: http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2004/02/01/conspiracies_so_vast?mode=PF .

Oakland. "That's What They Want You To Think." The Toronto Star, 17 April 2004.

Raban, Jonathan. "Are You Suffering From Conspiracy Theory Syndrome?" Edstrong -The Radical Left Revitalized, 24 July 2004: http://edstrong.blog-city.com/read/740262.htm .

Salutin, Rick. "Sponsorship Scandal Redux." The Globe and Mail, 30 April 2004, A21.

Watkins, Mel. "9/11 'People's Inquiry' Rigged: Conspiracy Theories Risky Distractions." Straight Goods, 23 May 2004. Read Saun's supportive response: http://www.straightgoods.ca/thread.cfm?threadid=114#2140 . Read Robbie Hanna Anderman's critical response: http://www.straightgoods.ca/ViewLetter.cfm?REF=1372 . Read Peter Blanchard's critical response: http://www.straightgoods.ca/thread.cfm?threadid=114#2144 .

John A. McCurdy was a member of the Steering Committee of the Toronto based Skeptics Inquiry For Truth (SIFT), which organized and sponsored Phase 3 of the International Citizens' Inquiry Into Sept. 11 in Toronto, Canada. Currently he pursues a Combined Honours in English & History at McMaster University.

Conspiracy, Conspiracy Theory and 9/11

A comprehensive bibliography of the leading mainstream and dissident literature

Compiled by John A. McCurdy